dubdobdee | wiki-illiam 1-4 ketchup

Q1: DURING THE YEAR 1908:

i: who announced T? Henry Ford's Model T (anton)
ii: who finished at 59 with 15 and 25? Cricketer W. G. Grace's final innings (dubdobdee)
iii: what confectionery was inspired by Shaw? Oscar One-S Straus's operetta The Chocolate Soldier was inspired by Shaw's Man and Superman (anton via google)
iv: who gained her second first at an old east-coast fort? Dr Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the first English woman doctor, was elected England's first woman mayor, of Aldeburgh (anton via google)
v: where did the Thomas Flyer arrive on the Asiatic mainland? The "Thomas Flyer", winner of the 1908 New York/Paris Car Race (by westward travel), landed from Japan in in Vladivostok (anton via google)
vi: whose birthday present was cut into nine pieces for the family headdress and other equipment? The Cullinan diamond, the largest ever found, was cut up to form into elements of the British Crown Jewels (various via google)
vii: whose resignation pre-empted his demise by just 16 days? Henry Campbell-BannerManofBadgers was a PM who failed to die in office by this amount (and DID die in 10 Downing Street) (Katstevens)
viii: which tale launched a nouveau riche boy-racer? Wind in the Willows, if Mr Toad is the nouvie boy-racer, was published ths year (skillextric)
ix: for whom was Lord Hugh best man? Lord Hugh Cecil was best man for Winston Churchill's wedding (anton via google)
x: what event elevated Manuel? The assassination of Carlos I brought to the Portuguese throne its last King, Manuel II, the Patriot or the Missed King (!!), full name Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha e Bragança. (anton via google)

Q2: Who began what by:

i: recalling unusual citrous abundance?
ii: describing his subject's physiognomy with a succession of Vs? kat appears to know this via google but hasn't said yet
iii: justifying the creation of a short palindromic nickname for "himself"? Great Expectations and "Philip Pirrip = Pip" (jauntyalang)
iv: describing the emergence at dawn of a moustached little man with bowlegs? First vol of Gormenghast (not checked as haven't a copy) or Poirot (thinks Anton)?
v: recalling melancholy inspiration from early evening sights and sounds in a rural churchyard? Possibly Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard?
vi: suggesting that it was generally accepted that a well-heeled loner must be looking for a lady? Pride and Prejudice and "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune" (jauntyalang)
vii: describing a studio filled with the scents of roses, lilac and pink-flowered thorn? Picture of Dorian Grey (kat via google, anton via kat's hint)
viii: describing his hero facing execution and recalling the discovery of ice? kat also knows this but hasn't said yet
ix: recalling a send-off from family and friends at Charing Cross? Forster's Where Angels Fear to Tread and "They were all at Charing Cross to see Lilia off" (jeff_worrell)
x: providing an alibi for the white kitten? Alice's Adventures through the Looking Glass and "One thing was certain, that the white kitten had nothing to do with it:- it was the black kitten's fault entirely" (jauntyalang)

Q3:
i: Whose ground-breaking effort quoted Numbers XXIII, 23? Samuel Morse's first message by telegraph -- anecdote contested -- was "What has God wrought" (dubdobdee via googlin Biblical reference)
ii: Who wired who confirming worst fears and requesting gumboots? kat suggests one of the Swallows and Amazons books
iii: Whose telegram caused Dew to hasten westward on the Laurentic? Telegram from the Montrose alerted Inspector Dew to the presence of the murderer Crippen (guessed by dubdodee via kat's google-aided hinted, details confirmed by google)
iv: Who, on sighting the enemy, urgently requested a firearm and 300 bullets?
v: Whose expression of delight was accompanied by a request for a patent oil cooking stove? Kat thinks the stove might be a Primus
vi: With what single word did the defeated Governor allegedly advise cancellation of the papal travel arrangements?
vii: Who described a suave, Bohemian, elderly, storekeeper in the Commercial Road?
viii: Which repetitious message prompted the query "Does that mean Yes?" (carsmile, ruudboy and braisedbywolves are arguing for "Right Ho Jeeves" as the source)
ix: Who discovered a crumpled telegram reading "Suivez à Bokhare Saronov"? Is from John Buchan's "The Power House" (kat and dubdobdee via google) but I didn't read far enough to actually answer the question
x: On what occasion was the royal wrath not expressed in code?

Q4:
i: What is the Island of Sheep? Freakytigger recognises this as a John Buchan novel
ii: Where did the sea cave inspire Op 26? Fingal's Cave is the subject of Mendelssohn's Op.26, located on Staffa near Mull (music knowledge dubdobdee, location byebyepride)
iii: Where was Magnus Erlendsson executed? BBP is guessin an Orkney link, re martyrdom of St Magnus
iv: What was David's gift to the Berkshire monks?
v: Where did an amputated digit earn its owner the right to build a monastery?
vi: Where did the great grandson of King John III make his first British landfall? Eriskay (via Worrell and google), Bonnie Prince Charlie the great grandson in question
vii: Where is the unique mutton derived from a diet of Laminaria? On North Ronaldsay, the sheep feed on this type of kelp (byebyepride via Google)
viii: Where was quarantine enforced for 48 years? Gruinard island was infected with athrax for scientific purposes (byebyepride)
ix: To what was Meg's deafness compared? Is from a poem by Burns that isn't Tam O Shanter (confusedly and incompletely via byebyepride, worrell and google)
x: Where was Andie Dale the prefect? Bass Rock, in Stevenson's Catriona (jeff worrell via google)